Torque Converters

The torque converter, also known as a torque converter, plays a key role in vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions. Its main task is to smoothly transfer torque from the engine to the transmission, which translates into driving comfort and drivetrain efficiency.

Construction and principle of operation

The hydrokinetic clutch consists of several basic components:

• Pump rotor: connected directly to the engine crankshaft, is responsible for setting the hydraulic oil in motion
• Turbine rotor: receives the kinetic energy transferred by the fluid and transmits it further to the gearbox
• Fluid flow guide: Located between the pump and turbine, it directs the flow of fluid, increasing the efficiency of torque transmission.

The operation of the hydrokinetic clutch is based on the phenomenon of fluid inertia. When the engine is running, the pump impeller sets the fluid in motion, which then acts on the turbine blades, causing the turbine to rotate and transmit torque to the gearbox. This design allows smooth power transmission without a direct mechanical connection between the engine and transmission.

Newer designs also use a lock-up disc, which mechanically connects the pump to the turbine when driving at constant speed, reducing slippage and reducing fuel consumption.

Application

Due to their characteristics, torque converter clutches are commonly used in cars with automatic transmissions. They provide smooth starting, smooth gear changes and effective vibration damping, which translates into high driving comfort. They are used in both passenger cars and trucks or off-road vehicles, where smooth transmission of high torque is important.

Symptoms of failure

Failure of a torque converter clutch can manifest itself in several ways:

• Decrease in performance: The vehicle loses dynamics and acceleration becomes less effective.
• Clutch slippage: Engine revs increase, but the vehicle does not accelerate proportionally.
• The transmission changes gear ratios unnaturally or with a delay.
• Unusual sounds: Noises, such as buzzing or clattering, coming from around the transmission.
• RPM waviness: Unstable engine speed when driving at a constant speed.